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Quality fuel: the problem of choice and ways to check

The use of low-quality fuel for refueling cars is a real death for the engine. Unfortunately, this problem concerns only motorists themselves and their wallet, but not private entrepreneurs and owners of gas stations. Depending on certain parameters, a rating of gasoline quality is formed.

The main functional characteristics of the fuel:

1. Detonation resistance. The determinant of resistance to explosive combustion. In the label it is represented by octane number. Actual PTS data often do not coincide with those indicated in the documentation.
2. Evaporative. Depends on volatility and fractional composition of gasoline. These parameters characterize the starting properties of the fuel and its predisposition to the occurrence of vapor plugs.
3. Density. The parameter depending on temperature, chemical features of the constituent elements and incoming fractions.

It is very important to use quality fuel for the car.

Most popular brands of gasoline

The most suitable type of fuel is registered in the technical passport of each vehicle, which should ensure the normal operation of the power unit and adjacent mechanical devices. It is recommended to use only the brand of gasoline prescribed in the documents in order to avoid unnecessary problems.

Frequently used gasoline brands:

• AI-80
• AI-92
• AI-95
• AI-98

The initial letter "A" says that this type of fuel is intended for cars.

Читать далее о лучшем топливе-->Буква «И» во всех наименованиях означает исследовательский тип определения  непосредственного октанового числа. Он применяется для выявления антидетонационных характеристик бензина в условиях работы двигателя при городской езде. В случае, когда силовой агрегат испытывает высокую теплонапряженность, то есть работает в форсированном режиме, противостояние бензина к возможной детонации определяется при помощи моторного метода исследования.

The numbers present in all brands of gasoline characterize the quantitative indicator of the octane number. It, in turn, shows what kind of fuel has a particular fuel and what degree of stability this gas-air mixture has in relation to explosive ignition.

Caution - Low-quality gasoline and diesel fuel

Some of its quality characteristics fuel loses during transportation from the refinery to the gas station. However, the proportion of this loss is minimal. Much more damage to gasoline or diesel engines is brought personally by the owners of gas stations, seeking in any way to increase the income of their own business.

The fuel is diluted with various flammable substances and coke chemistry products, which allows to correct the octane number.

Refinery

To dilute gasoline use:

• Tetraethyl lead
• Iron Additives
• Naphthalene
• Methyl tert-butyl ether
• Benzene compounds
• Acetone
• Ethanol

The use of tetraethyl lead is aimed at increasing the octane number. Subsequently, the figure increases by 5-10 units. Such manipulation leads to an increase in toxicity and a change in the temperature of combustion of the fuel. As a result, piston rings, cylinders and valves are covered with a significant layer of soot.

When iron-containing additives are added to fuel, the PM addition rate is 3-6 units. Excessive concentration leads to wear of the spark plugs, the formation of rust on the cylinders and the failure of the power unit.

Naphthalene allows you to increase PTS by 6 units. Its ability to crystallize leads to deterioration of hoses, injector nozzles and fuel pump.

The effect of low-quality gasoline on cars

Буквально 7% метил-трет-бутилового эфира способно превратить AI-92 в AI-95. Из-за быстрого испарения МТЭБ возможно возникновение детонации.

For normal dilution of gasoline, only pure ethyl alcohol is suitable, but it is very expensive. Therefore, the owners of gas stations use non-dehydrated alcohol solution. The use of such fuel threatens valve malfunction.

Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene compounds), being solvents, promote the development of corrosion on all metal parts of a vehicle.

The main fraud associated with diesel - the substitution of high-class fuel suitable for modern cars, low-quality liquid, intended for agricultural purposes. Also, very often under the guise of "winter" diesel sold "summer" fuel. In the cold, the liquid does not freeze due to the addition of kerosene or gasoline.

There are cases of substitution of low-quality diesel fuel fluid

Ways to check the quality properties of fuel

Self-testing of fuel quality is a necessary measure that must be carried out by every motorist who values ​​his vehicle.

Outside the laboratory, there are a number of verification methods available even to the average person.

Ways to check the quality of gasoline:

• Detection of impurities using a sheet of white paper. Sheet corner is required to moisten in fuel fluid. Then dry and analyze what he saw. Fuel is considered good Discounts for new cars! Profitable loan from 9.9% installments 0% adom.ru, if the sheet is not yellowed and not darkened. If there are any changes or the presence of a fat trail, we can talk about unacceptable impurities in gasoline.
• Determining the number of resins that make up the fuel. A drop of gasoline placed on the glass and set on fire. If there are white spots on the surface, most likely the resin concentration is extremely low. A brown or yellow stain will warn the driver that there are too many tar in the fuel fluid.
• Detection of water in gasoline using a solution of manganese. In a transparent jar pour a small amount of gasoline. On the lumen of the liquid should have a yellowish tint. When adding a solution of manganese, the color of gasoline should not change. Pink color indicates the presence of water molecules in the fuel fluid.
• The fixation of impurities by smell. The odor of sulfur, uncharacteristic of gasoline, indicates dilution with hydrogen sulfide compounds or naphthalene.

The quality of gasoline can be determined by smell and color

Ways to check the quality of diesel:

• Determination of the presence of water and impurities using a sealed transparent vessel. Place a little diesel fluid in a transparent dish (glass, jar), close the lid and let stand. After a while, some impurities will precipitate in poor quality fuel, and the water present will be released in a separate upper layer.
• Detection of unacceptable substances by passing the fuel fluid through the paper filter. At the same time on paper should remain a bright spot of small size. The dark color of the spot indicates the presence of mechanical impurities.

Video about diesel quality:

Top Fuel Makers

Within the Russian Federation several oil refineries can be distinguished, which are the main producers of gasoline fuel:

1. Ryazan Refinery. Holding "TNK-BP". It ranks third in Russia in terms of the volume of oil produced and sold. The production of hydrocarbons exceeds six hundred barrels of oil equivalent per year. The company's financial profit is six billion dollars a year.
2. Omsk Refinery. Holding Gazprom Neft. One of the largest companies that carries out a full range of oil extraction and refining. Also sells oil products in Russia and abroad.
3. Nizhny Novgorod Refinery. Холдинг «LUKOIL». Организация, являющаяся первой в Мире по запасам нефти. Нефтепродукты этой фирмы известны во многих странах и пользуются значительным спросом. На данный момент ведется разработка десяти месторождений нефти.
4. "Yaroslavnefteorgsintez". Holding "Slavneft". It is in the top five among other Russian refineries. The main working direction is oil production and processing.

Omsk Refinery — один из крупнейших нефтеперерабатывающих заводов России

Rating producers of fuels for cars that run on diesel, today, can be made only in foreign countries. The basis of the distribution of seats includes a quantitative indicator of sulfur present in diesel fuel.

The main countries-producers of diesel fuel:

• Sweden
• Germany
• Japan

Russia, unfortunately, is not even included in the top twenty of the best manufacturers. The percentage of sulfur in domestic fuels is 1.3%. Ideally, it should not exceed 0.3%.

Moscow Refinery produces diesel fuel

The best gas stations in Russia

Rating of gas stations depends on the quality of fuel provided, the level of customer service and the availability of internal infrastructure.

The most popular gas stations:

• «TNK». Responsible company, not seeking to make money on customers. The quality of the fuel injected is good, PTS corresponds to the declared, the additives are not used in the work.
• «BP". Refueling is carried out without underfilling. Harmful impurities and artificial additives in the fuel are not present. However, the octane number frauds on the gas station data were encountered more than once.
• «SHELL". The quality of gasoline at gas stations is checked for all items of the technical regulations of the Russian Federation. A distinctive feature is the practice of bonus customer support and a cumulative system of discounts.
• «Gazprom Neft". All gas stations of this company operate at a high level. Good quality fuel has a positive effect on the operation of the engine and adjacent devices.
• «LUKOIL". The gas stations of this company inspire confidence in the majority of Russian motorists. Fuel has improved environmental performance and does not cause engine wear.

Gazprom Neft - popular and well-known gas stations

Despite the fact that the listed gas stations are deservedly popular, yet, vigilance will never hurt. After all, only the quality fuel all the mechanisms of the car will work in proper mode. Otherwise, it is impossible to do without significant breakdowns and a long transport rehabilitation.