One of the most important systems of the car is the engine lubrication system. Between parts of the engine that move in the same plane, a friction force arises. The magnitude of the friction force depends on the accuracy of processing the surfaces of parts that are in contact, the speed and pressure of relative displacement.

Friction leads to the heating of parts and their gradual wear, in addition to overcoming the friction force, a considerable part of the car’s power is expended. To reduce the negative effects of frictional forces in different ways, but the most effective is a lubricant. It is a lubricant, in which the oil is used, separates the surfaces in the process of their interaction, replacing the contact of the surfaces of the parts by friction of the oil layers among themselves.

Malfunctions in the lubrication system lead to loss of engine power, overheating, increased wear and seizure of parts, and as a result - a complete cessation of engine operation. This often happens with tuned cars VAZ 2106, if they are not properly monitored.

Scheme of the engine lubrication system

Как правило, engine lubrication system следующее:

• sump pan;
• oil pump;
• filter;
• radiator;
• sensor systems and valves.

- A crankcase is used to store oil, the level of which is monitored using a temperature sensor and an oil level or dipstick.

- For pumping lubrication in the system is an oil pump. Driven by crankshaft, camshaft, or additional motor shaft.

- The oil filter is responsible for cleaning the oil from carbon and wear products.

- A special sensor mounted on the oil line monitors the oil pressure.

- Reducing valves are designed to maintain the operating pressure of the engine oil.

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The principle of operation of the engine lubrication system

There are two types of lubrication systems: a combined and a dry sump system. In a combined system, some parts are lubricated by gravity or splashing, others under pressure. Lubrication is carried out cyclically: during engine operation, oil is pumped into the system by a pump and supplied under pressure to the oil filter. After cleaning from mechanical impurities, the oil flows through the channels to the camshaft bearings, connecting rod and crankshaft main journals, and connecting rod bearing.

Oil is supplied to the surface of the cylinder using nozzles or through openings in the connecting rod support.

All other parts are lubricated by spraying. Flowing through the gaps in various joints, the oil is sprayed with moving parts of the gas distribution and crank mechanisms. The result is a so-called oil mist. It settles on the surface of the parts and lubricates them.

As a result, oil under the action of gravity flows into the pan - the whole cycle repeats.

The “dry” crankcase lubrication system is used mainly in sports cars. The oil from the engine crankcase is pumped into a special oil tank by the pump. At the same time, the crankcase always remains “dry” - without oil. This design allows, regardless of the oil level and the position of the oil intake, to ensure stable operation of the system in all modes.

The main malfunctions of the engine lubrication system

• low or high oil pressure;
• clogging of coarse and fine filters;
• oil leakage through the gaps in the joints;
• unstable operation of the crankcase ventilation system;
• violation of the tightness of crankshaft seals.

If any of these faults occur, you should immediately contact specialized service centers for help. Even a slight delay can lead to a complete lack of opportunity to use the car. Especially if we are talking about a tuned car VAZ 2109.

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And this is what the BMW E30 M10B18 engine (car from Germany) and its lubrication system looks like: